Black Hole Binaries as Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources

Saul Rappaport (MIT) - Apr 18 at 12:00 noon

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with Lx > 10^{39} ergs/sec have been discovered in great numbers in external galaxies with ROSAT, Chandra, and XMM-Newton. The central question regarding this important class of sources is whether they represent an extension in the luminosity function of binary X-ray sources containing neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes, or a new class of objects, e.g., systems containing intermediate-mass black holes (100-1000 solar masses). We discuss a theoretical study to test whether a large fraction of the ULXs, especially those in galaxies with recent star formation activity, can be explained with binary systems containing stellar-mass black holes. We find that for donor stars with initial masses greater than ~10 solar masses the mass transfer driven by the normal nuclear evolution of the donor star is sufficient to potentially power most ULXs. We show that with only a modest violation of the Eddington limit, e.g., a factor of ~10, both the numbers and properties of the majority of the ULXs can be reproduced. Finally, we discuss the formation and evolution of ULXs as binary systems containing an intermediate-mass black hole. This involves the capture of a companion star, possibly via exchange encounters with a passing binary system; the evolution of the captured star with tidal heating as the orbit circularizes; and interactions among the entourage of stars captured by the IMBH.

The seminar will be held in 544 Campbell Hall.


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