Shaping the Kuiper belt size spectrum

Margaret Pan (Caltech) - 7 Nov at 12:00 noon

The observed size distribution of Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) - small icy and rocky solar system bodies orbiting beyond Neptune - is well described by a power law at large KBO sizes. However, recent work by Bernstein et al. (2004) indicates that the size spectrum breaks and becomes shallower for KBOs smaller than about 70 km in size. Here we show that we expect such a break at KBO radius 40 km since destructive collisions are frequent for smaller KBOs. Specifically, we assume that KBOs are rubble piles with low material strength rather than solid monoliths. This gives a power-law slope q=~3 where the number N(>r) of KBOs larger than a size r scales as r^(1-q); the break location follows from this slope through a self-consistent calculation. The existence of this break, the break's location, and the power-law slope we expect below the break are consistent with the findings of Bernstein et al. (2004). The agreement with observations indicates that KBOs are effectively strengthless rubble piles.

The seminar will be held in 544 Campbell Hall.


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