Adaptive Optics in Wide-Field Microscopy Peter Kner (U. Georgia) Three-dimensional live imaging in cell biology is hindered by optical aberrations which degrade the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio as the focal plane is moved deeper into the sample. The solution to this problem is to use adaptive optics to correct the aberrations. In this talk, I will discuss our work on applying adaptive optics to wide-field fluorescence microscopy. We have demonstrated correction of depth aberrations and focusing using a deformable mirror in open-loop operation, and we have used phase retrieval as a wavefront sensing technique in closed-loop operation.