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The fraction of Sun-like stars having planets of different sizes, orbiting within 1/4 of the Earth-Sun distance (0.25 AU) of the host star. The graph shows that planets as small as Earth (far left) are relatively common compared to planets 8.0x the size of Earth (similar to Jupiter). For example, 7.9% of Sun-like stars harbor a planet with a size of 1.0 - 1.4 times the size of Earth, orbiting inward of 1/4 the Earth-Sun distance (closer than Mercury's distance from the Sun). There are increasing numbers of planets from 8x the size of Earth down to 2.8x Earth. Remarkably, the number of planets smaller than 2.8x Earth is approximately constant with planet size, down to the size of our Earth. The gray indicates the planets discovered in this study, and the orange represents the correction applied to account for planets our software would miss statistically, typically about 20%.

The Frequency of Small Planets

As of January 2013, the official Kepler pipeline has detected over 2700 planet candidates. Understanding the distribution of planet sizes, however, remains …